Abraham of Saragossa

Abraham of Saragossa was a Jewish merchant in Muslim Spain who traded mostly with the Franks and eventually settled in the Frankish kingdom. Around 835, Abraham received a privilegium from Louis the Pious, one of the three extant privileges granted to Jewish merchants by a Carolingian monarch. Succeeding privileges were based upon it and usually included the following aspects: court oaths and trial procedures, services and representation, right to trade, and imperial protection.